Did TONA get adopted? What these three State Department documents actually prove
The three exhibits at a glance “Circular to the Foreign Ministers,” Department of State, Jan. 12, 1813 (signed by James…
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If TONA Were In Force Today: What Would Change—and Who Would Be at Risk?
Quick refresher: what TONA says In 1810 Congress proposed a constitutional amendment that went far beyond the existing “foreign emoluments”…
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TONA (1810–1812): State Adoptions and Rejections
Background and Submission to the States (May–Dec 1810) May 1, 1810 — Congress approved the amendment (Senate 19–5 on April…
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The Titles of Nobility Amendment: America’s Forgotten 13th Amendment
Introduction In the early years of the United States, the Founders were deeply concerned about foreign influence corrupting their new…
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